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Chinese National Football Team2015-05-13 10:00:21 From:
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People have fun on the beach, running, playing with each other. It is also a place for training for Chinese National Football Team.

From the May issue of New Sports, 2012, P108-109
Dictated by Bob Chen, Written by Bai Qiang

At the end of 2010, the first training class is the beach running. But, after about one hour running, what suprising is that many players felt their knees hurt. Actually, this is so-called Running Knee. 

After careful checking up, me and my assistant found out the reason. Beach is an imblance place. When people running on the beach for a long distant, especially near the sea, each of their foot will get different force from the beach. 
 
    为了弄清原因,我和助手来到海滩。我们发现,一般来说,靠海这边的沙滩较平较湿,靠陆地那边的沙滩较斜较干,而好的沙滩通常是靠海边的平缓地方较大。可国足训练的这片沙滩,海水与陆地的距离只有20米左右,坡度却很大。队员在这种场地长跑,势必一腿低,一腿高,一脚深,一脚浅,因而两腿受力就不均匀了:靠海边的外腿与地面的落差大,冲撞力就会加大,而靠陆地的内腿与地面的落差小,因而不易蹬直,脚易外翻,带得大腿容易内扣,膝盖的膑骨位置就会滑动不正,加上单方向的跑动时间一长,膝盖内侧过度受力和摩擦,膑骨软骨等处就会出现疼痛。
 
    此外,还有一个认识上的误区也引起这种后果。许多人觉得,比较硬地,沙地松软,缓冲性好,不会伤及膝盖等部位。其实,这是“只知其一,不知其二”。脚在沙地落下时,缓冲时间长了,反作力固然会比硬地减小,但在这个过程中发力时间也会加长,肌肉会通过不断收缩来做缓冲,久而久之必疲劳。人一感到累,跑起来就不自觉地歪歪邪邪甚至拖着腿,而没了肌肉缓冲的控制,膝关节就因不稳而受伤。换言之,沙滩跑对大腿的肌肉力量和耐力是个极大考验,若肌力不足,就极易出偏。反观我们的国足队员,集训前是在休假,沙滩跑前又没做充分的力量练习,出现“跑步膝”就很自然了。
 
    找到原因后,我们立即建议教练组:队员跑步尽可能选择退潮时海边较大较平的沙滩,还应在软硬干湿等不同地面间不断变换,同时缩短单向跑步的距离。我们还特别强调了这样一点:把单向的长跑改成双向的折返跑,且让教练站中间,队员分两拨,分别向左向右跑,以使队员两腿的受力趋于平衡。
 
    当年我在美国纽约大学时,每天去仅有200米的楼顶田径场跑步,场地大门上醒目地贴着这样一条提示:“一三五日顺时针跑,二四六日逆时针跑。”起初我还坚持国内的逆时针跑,直到学了运动康复之后才明白,在这种场地,跑不远就会遇弯道,单向久跑,重心老压在一条腿上,就易出问题。我对国足的建议就是借鉴了这个经验。
 
    当然,要彻底解决“跑步膝”等问题,就必须加强队员的腿部力量,还要积极控制伤病。为此我们建议国足,跑步前要进行力量练习,尤其是原有膝伤者;跑后去泡泡温泉,以缓解大腿肌肉的疲劳,同时加强训练后伤病的治疗和恢复。在这方面,主力队员姜宁就是一个典型例子。
 
    由于术后恢复不久,姜宁在沙滩上一跑,就感到膝痛无力,关节发松发空,难以控制动作。我们索性把他从沙滩拉到力量房,进行大腿特别是膝关节的力量和稳定性强化训练。比如,我们让他交叉背上两条两寸宽的橡皮带,单脚站在台阶上,后脚悬空,令他快速下蹲两分钟以上,其次数可达100多,负重也至少在100斤以上,而且一次比一次要求高。这种训练的强度,比沙滩跑还大。每次做完,姜宁都会累得满地打滚,哇哇大叫:“天哪,灵魂都快出窍了!”
 
    可这小子也真厉害,苦练一周之后,居然能站在直径一米多的健身球上做下蹲。再回到沙滩上跑步时,他自我感觉也好多了。到了田径场上,他竟比大部分队友跑得还快。
 
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English translation By Mei Li Strecher